A STUDY ON SOCIO‐ECONOMIC DRIVERS BEHIND SKULL MINING IN YORUBA STATES: A CASE OF MARGINALIZED COMMUNITIES IN OGUN STATE

A STUDY ON SOCIO‐ECONOMIC DRIVERS BEHIND SKULL MINING IN YORUBA STATES: A CASE OF MARGINALIZED COMMUNITIES IN OGUN STATE

Background of the Study

Skull mining, the illegal exhumation and trafficking of human skulls for ritualistic purposes, continues to thrive in various parts of Nigeria, especially within marginalized communities in Yoruba states. In Ogun State, certain communities, often characterized by poverty, limited access to education, and a strong reliance on traditional practices, continue to engage in skull mining as a means of spiritual and economic gain. These communities view the practice as not only a way to connect with ancestral spirits but also as a potential source of wealth, protection, and social status. In these marginalized areas, where modern economic opportunities are limited, skull mining may appear as a viable option for achieving financial success or spiritual favor.

 

This study seeks to investigate the socio-economic drivers behind skull mining in Ogun State, particularly focusing on how poverty, marginalization, and cultural beliefs contribute to the persistence of this illegal activity. The research will examine how socio-economic factors, such as unemployment and lack of access to modern economic opportunities, drive individuals and communities toward engaging in skull mining rituals.

 

Statement of the Problem

Although skull mining is illegal, it continues to persist in marginalized communities in Ogun State, where socio-economic pressures and cultural beliefs make it difficult to eradicate. These communities often lack viable economic alternatives, making illegal practices like skull mining seem like legitimate means of financial and spiritual fulfillment. Despite the negative legal and social implications of skull mining, the practice remains prevalent due to the socio-economic factors that drive individuals to seek out these rituals. This research aims to explore these socio-economic drivers and their role in sustaining skull mining in Ogun State.

 

Objectives of the Study

To investigate the socio-economic drivers that contribute to skull mining practices in marginalized communities in Ogun State.

To explore the relationship between poverty, unemployment, and the persistence of skull mining in these communities.

To assess the role of cultural beliefs and spiritual practices in sustaining skull mining in Ogun State.

 

Research Questions

What socio-economic factors contribute to the prevalence of skull mining in marginalized communities in Ogun State?

How do cultural beliefs and spiritual practices influence the persistence of skull mining in Ogun State?

What impact does poverty and lack of economic opportunity have on the engagement in skull mining activities in Ogun State?

 

Significance of the Research

This research is significant because it will shed light on the socio-economic conditions that perpetuate illegal practices like skull mining in marginalized Yoruba communities. By identifying these factors, the study will help policymakers and community leaders develop more effective strategies to combat skull mining through socio-economic development, education, and cultural interventions. The findings will also provide insights into how economic empowerment and alternative livelihood opportunities can address the root causes of such practices.

 

Scope and Limitation of the Research

The research will focus on marginalized communities in Ogun State and will explore the socio-economic drivers behind skull mining practices. The study is limited to this geographic region and will not extend to other forms of ritualistic crime or other regions. Additionally, the research is limited by the sensitivity of the topic, as participants may be reluctant to discuss their involvement in illicit practices.

 

Operational Definition of Terms

Skull Mining: The illegal exhumation and trafficking of human skulls for spiritual or ritualistic purposes.

Socio-Economic Drivers: The social and economic factors, such as poverty, unemployment, and lack of education, that contribute to individuals engaging in illegal activities.

Marginalized Communities: Communities that face social, economic, or political disadvantages, often characterized by poverty, lack of resources, and limited access to opportunities.

 

List of References

Adenuga, A. O., Aborisade, R. A., & Atere, A. A. (2024). Stemming the tide of violent conflicts in southwest Nigeria: The role of Yoruba indigenous security system. Fuoye Journal of Criminology and Security Studies, 3(2).